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Booting from a large hard disk

I recently had to install Openfiler on a HP server with ten 750 GB hard disks on a cciss RAID controller, which proved to be a major nuisance. Since the customer wanted the box in service fast, I finally settled on wasting two of the disks as a 750 GB RAID 1 for the actual system (with like 10 GB actually used) while RAIDing the remaining disks together to a RAID 6 with spare disk for productive data.

During this task, I noticed a severe lack of current knowledge about modern PC architecture and how to boot from a big hard disk and decided to do some research into this direction. This article shows the first "results" that I have achived in the last few days.

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synaptics and unstable?

Dear Lazyweb, I have just found out that ksynaptics has stopped working against the X in unstable, and that ksynaptics is not even in lenny, let alone in current testing and/or unstable. This currently leaves me with an unconfigured touchpad, which is a major nuisance since I have gotten accustomed to tap-dragging and touchpad border scrolling.

xserver-xorg-input-synaptics' README.Debian dates back to 2004, so I suspect that the information given there in does not any more apply to today's configfile-less X.

So, dear lazyweb, how do I get my touchpad back into the more intelligent mode? Clickable configuration preferred.

Pushing a packet back and forth between Linux subsystems

Linux policy routing is still incredibly painful if one wants to have more sophisticated routing than just "take source and destination IP address for the routing decision". The mechanisms that have been in use seven years ago still work though, and I didn't find any possibility to do it any easier. In this article, I'll try to explain the "old" mechanisms and hope that somebody from lazyweb will comment and say "it can be done so much easier".

This is a translation of the Usenet article <gu48cs$rul$1@news1.tnib.de> in de.comp.os.unix.networking.misc in the hope that the english-speaking blogosphere can give additional insights.

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help needed for ATM support in ifupdown-scripts-zg2

I haven't been using ATM on Linux for some six years now. I neither have access to an ATM network any more nor do I have ATM hardware any more. Therefore, I plan to remove ATM support from ifupdown-scripts-zg2 in the next release which will be done in the next few weeks.

If anybody does still use ATM on Linux in conjunction with my scripts, you might want to offer help with the package if you want to have continued ATM support in ifdown-scripts-zg2. I cannot test the code any more and therefore cannot maintain it in the future.

partition table gone, data still present

I just wanted to make an USB stick bootable and wondered why mkdiskimage -4 /dev/sda 0 32 64 complained about the disk having too many cylinders. After a few moments, it ocurred to me that since libata, the system hard disk has become sda and that the stick was sdb or sdc. One ctrl-C later, fdisk confirmed both counts: That I accidentally started mkdiskimaging my main system hard disk and that the partition table was already gone.

A few hours later, the notebook is back in business without too much data loss. Lucky me.

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LV naming, UUIDs, file systems labels

In the last few weeks, I spent quite some time wondering about how to arrange the hard disk layout of my productive systems in the future. This article outlines my thoughts and would like to ask the lazyweb for comments.

I try to keep my Debian servers as identically as possible, making it possible to talk non-linux persons remotely through the system without having to worry about this particular box' configuration.

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How to pin lenny?

Dear lazyweb, how do I pin lenny now and have that pin hold after lenny's release?

  • Codename lenny doesn't work, apt cannot do this (#433624, 18 months old, without any reaction yet)
  • Version 5.0 doesn't work, lenny's Release file doesn't have a Version field yet
  • Suite testing will match lenny now and then track squeeze once squeeze is testing
Is there any method that will get me testing lenny now and stable lenny later and not testing squeeze?

Scan eingehender Mail auf Malware

Dadurch, dass mein Mailsystem in seiner Eigenschaft als Nichtwindows nicht besonders anfällig gegen Malware ist und ich auch nicht blind auf jeden Anhang klicke, leiste ich mir seit einigen Jahren den Luxus, dass der Clamav auf meinem Mailserver nur die Malware ablehnt, die ich explizit konfiguriert habe. So werde ich die lästigsten Störer automatisch los und habe trotzdem einen Überblick darüber, was im Moment so an Malware unterwegs ist, weil der Clamav natürlich auch Malware, die nicht auf der Reject-Liste steht, markiert.

Es gab zwischendrin eine Zeit, da kam ungefähr gar nichts. So wenig jedenfalls, dass ich ernsthaft darüber nachgedacht habe, die CPU-Zyklen für den Scan eingehender Mail auf Malware einzusparen und den Mailvirenscanner abzuschalten.

Gut, dass ich das nicht gemacht habe, denn in den letzten zwei bis drei Wochen kommt durchaus wieder Malware per Mail in signifikanter Menge (also mehr als zwanzig pro Tag). So hat der Clamav wieder ein wenig mehr zu tun, und ich werde in Zukunft nicht mehr so schnell darüber nachdenken, einen nicht störenden Sicherheitsmechanismus wegen "irrelevant, braucht man heutzutage nicht mehr" abzuschalten.

Nagios, Parent Hosts, and traceroute on the Internet

Nagios has the - very useful - feature of "parent hosts". If it deems a host A being down, it first checks its parent host, B, and reports A only as down if B is up. This goes back recursively until a host with state "up" is found and only the first "down" host is actually reported. This keeps on-call people from being bombed with alerts in case of major network outages and makes sure that the alerts that are actually sent out do reasonably accurately describe the actual outage.

As an individual who has some "external" servers in various data centers on the Internet, I would like to not be alerted multiple times that my servers at ISP C, D, and E are down if there is an outage at the ISP F hosting my Nagios installation or at one of the various exchange points temporarily rendering the servers unreachable (without me being able to do anything).

The solution sounds easy but is surprisingly hard.

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MSTP mit HP ProCurve

Das Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) ist ein Protokoll, das den Betrieb von lokalen Netzen (z.B. auf Ethernet-Basis) mit Redundanzen erleichtern soll. Diesen Job macht es "reasonably well", ich möchte an dieser Stelle aber nicht unerwähnt lassen, dass es auch schon zu grauen Haaren beim einen oder anderen Netzwerker geführt hat. Es gibt es in vielen verschiedenen Darreichungsformen, und in diesem Artikel möchte ich versuchen, die Grundlagen so weit aufzuarbeiten dass ich dann zu meinem aktuellen Projekt, MSTP, auch noch etwas schreiben kann.

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fail2ban andersrum

Auf einem Webserver möchte ich nicht, dass phpmyadmin, das Dokumentations-Wiki und das awstats von überall verfügbar sind. Andererseits möchte derjenige, der das CMS auf eben dieser Maschine betreut, genau diese Webapplikationen jederzeit und von überall benutzen können. Was tun?

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Automatisierter UMTS-Fallback mit Nagios

$ ping 10.8.0.11
PING 10.8.0.11 (10.8.0.11) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.8.0.11: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=79.6 ms
64 bytes from 10.8.0.11: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=79.5 ms
64 bytes from 10.8.0.11: icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=79.7 ms
<ethernetkabel wird gezogen>
64 bytes from 10.8.0.11: icmp_seq=295 ttl=63 time=724 ms
64 bytes from 10.8.0.11: icmp_seq=296 ttl=63 time=1079 ms
64 bytes from 10.8.0.11: icmp_seq=297 ttl=63 time=559 ms

Dies ist das Verhalten meines Netzüberwachungs-Notebooks auf dem zum Management dienenden OpenVPN-Link beim Ziehen des Ethernetkabels. Auf dem Ding läuft eh ein Nagios und es hat zum Verschicken von Warn-SMS aus dem Nagios eine UMTS-Karte. Also habe ich ihm jetzt per Event Handler beigebracht, automatisch einen pppd zu starten, wenn die Gegenstelle des OpenVPN-Tunnels ihren Status nach DOWN wechselt. Und das funktioniert sogar.

Die hohen RTTs nach dem Ziehen des Ethernetkabels kommen übrigens daher, dass in der UMTS-Karte derzeit eine uralte Simyo-SIM steckt, die noch nicht UMTS-fähig ist. Aber die ist bald leer, und dann kommt da auch eine USIM rein.

Klimaanlage, Alarmanlage, Löschanlage und USV an USB

Viele Geräte der "Haustechnik" bzw. "Infrastruktur" (das können Klima, Lösch-, Alarmanlagen oder USVs sein) melden Fehlerzustände mit einem potenzialfreien Alarmkontakt. Das klingt ziemlich hochtrabend, ist aber in aller Regel nur ein simples Relais mit einem Schließerkontakt, das im Normalfall angezogen ist. Sprich, wenn irgendwas passiert, fällt das Relais ab und der Kontakt geht auf. Bei dieser Schaltung werden auch Defekte im Relais selbst oder Schäden an der Verkabelung erkannt; das ganze versagt also zur richtigen Seite.

Ich habe in den letzten Monaten einige Zeit damit verbracht, ein Stück Hardware zu finden, was mir ermöglicht, den Zustand eines potenzialfreien Alarmkontaktes in einen PC einzulesen und den Alarm mit Netzwerkmitteln (z.B. Nagios) weiterzumelden.

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Serial Console Server for the Poor III

This is the third installment of my article about the Serial Console Server for the Poor. First installment here, Second installment here.

The first part of the article having covered the hardware and the udev part creating the device nodes, and the second part explaining how to solve the software part using ser2net, this part explains why ser2net was ditched in favor of cereal and how the console server operates with cereal now.

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kbd seems to be the way to go

This is just a small reminder (for me and others) that Debian is currently migrating from console-tools to kbd (back again, yes, those who have been around for a few years remember).

This information is obviously a closely-guarded secret. Console-tools is still Priority: important, and kbd is still Priority: extra. However, kbd seems to be much better maintained (current uploads happening, while console-log has seen its last maintainer upload two years ago), and unfortunately, neither package description suggests which package is the way to go. And Debian-installer still installs console-tools by default.

However, a few bugs were filed a year ago by the console-tools maintainer to drop console-tools from depends as console-tools is going away. So I guess that he knows what he's doing...

Before I get around to adding console-tools back to console-log's depends (as I almost did accidentally), I'll better blog this to remind people of console-log going away. Maybe we'll get the Priorities changed just in time for lenny.